In 2006, there was no significant change in overall radiation environmental quality across China, which was similar to that of last year. Most nuclear facilities, uranium mining and mineral processing facilities and nuclear technology utilization activities did not impose measurable pollution to the surrounding environment. Temperorary urban warehouse for radioactive wastes did not affect the surrounding environment. The electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of most electro-magnetic radiation facilities met national standard. However, there was still certain hidden radiation environmental pollution risk in some units.

Environmental Radioactive Radiation In 2006, monitoring results on national radiation environment showed that atmospheric absorption dose rate of γ radiation and radioactive specific activities of aerosols and air precipitum were similar to that of 2005. The urban indoor radon concentration of some cities under radioactive monitoring program was lower than the National Standard for the Control of Indoor Radon Concentration. The concentration of radionuclide of each monitoring section of such waters as the Haihe River, Yellow River, Yangtze River, Songhua River, Huaihe River, Pearl River, Minjiang River, Qiantang River, Yili River and Heping Canal as well as that of big lakes and reservoirs kept at the same level compared with that of 2005. The total α and β radioactive specific activities of the drinking water sources under monitoring were below national dinking water quality standard and met drinking requirement. Within the monitoring region, the radionuclide concentration of the soil was similar to the measured results obtained from national natural radioactivity investigation without any abnormal phenomenon. Among the biological samples, the concentrations of natural radioclide 90Sr and artificial radionuclide 137Cs were similar to the monitoring result of normal years. In all cities with radioactivity monitoring program, there was no significant difference between the atmospheric absorption dose rate of γ radiation within and surrounding tentative radioactive waste warehouse, radioclide concentration in water and soil and that of other environment.

Environmental Radiation Surrounding Nuclear Power Plants In 2006, Qinshan Nuclear Power Facilities in Zhejiang Province, Dayawan/Ling'ao Nuclear Power Plants in Guangdong Province and Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant in Jiangsu Province operated safely and smoothly. Among them, the annual average of atmospheric absorption dose rate of γ radiation surrounding Qinshan Nuclear Power Facilities was 102nGy/h (not deducting the cosmic rays response value). The annual average of atmospheric absorption dose rate of γ radiation surrounding Dayawan/Ling'ao Nuclear Power Plant in Guangdong Province was 118nGy/h (not deducting the cosmic rays response value). The annual average of atmospheric absorption dose rate of γ radiation surrounding Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant in JiangsuProvince was 60nGy/h. Monitoring results showed that atmospheric absorption dose rate of γ radiation surrounding nuclear power plants was still within natural baseline fluctuations of the region where they located.

The average tritium concentration of Qinlian monitoring site, Xiajiawan monitoring site, Yangliucun monitoring site, Qinshanzhen monitoring site and Wuyuan monitoring site surround Qinshan Nuclear Power Facilities in Zhejiang Province was 145mBq/m3·air, similar to that of 2005. Annual tritium concentration of surface water samples at Xiajiawan and Qinlian monitoring sites in the vicinity of the nuclear power plant was 21.1Bq/L, higher than that of the control site and that of 2005；the tritium concentration in pine needles and fresh tea leaves had some increase compared with that of 2005.

In sea waters west to Dayawan, there were trace amount of tritiuminsome sea water samples. In marine creature--oysters sampled from Dongshan, we had monitored trace amount of 110mAg with concentration of 0.74Bq/kg· flesh.

Environmental Radiation Srrounding Uranium Mines and Smelters and Associated Radioactive Mines In 2006, radiation situation surrounding some uranium mines and their hydrometallurgical facilities across China was within the controllable range. Monitoring results of the atmospheric absorption dose rate of environmental γ radiation, radioclide concentrations of water bodies, soil and sludge in the vicinity of uranium mines and their hydrometallurgical facilities and tritium concentration in surrounding atmosphere as well as radon α potential showed that the uranium concentration of environmental waters in the vicinity of some uranium mines and hydrometallurgical facilities was higher than that of the control site or baseline level. Radon concentration of air samples in the vicinity of uranium mines under radioactivity monitoring program had no significant rising trend under current monitoring conditions. The development and utilization of some associated radioactive minerals had some impacts at different degrees on the surrounding environment.

Environmental Radiation in the Vicinity of Uranium Transfer, Concentration and Element Pre-manufacturing Fcailities and Nuclear Fuel Post-Treatment System In 2006, Environmental γ radiation dose in the vicinity of nuclear fuel element manufacturers and facilities including Zhonghe Beifang Nuclear Fuel Company was still within the range of environmental baseline level. Under current monitoring conditions, we had not seen evident rise of radioclide concentration in environmental media resulting from production and processing.

Radiation Surrounding Electromagnetic Radiation Facilities In 2006, the general field intensity of individual sites of radio and television launching towers exceeded derived public radiation limit. The electromagnetic radiation level of the building roof that installed the antenna of some mobile communication base stations went beyond relevant standard. The field intensity of the radio interference near 110kV, 220kV and 500kV transformer substations exceeded the standard. So did the radio interference field intensity near some 220kV, 500kV and 750kV power transmission lines. In addition, the electric field of operation frequency near some 500kV high-voltage transmission lines exceeded the required limit of that of operation frequency of residential communities.

Measures and Actions

【Laws, Regulations and Administrative Rules on Nuclear Safety】On January 28, 2006, SEPA issued the No.3 Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Safety of Civil Nuclear Facilities —— Regulations on the Application and Issue of Safety Permit of Research Reactors. SEPA and Ministry of Commerce issued the List of Radioactive Isotopes Restricted from Import on the same day. On May 30, 2006, SEPA and Ministry of Health began the implementation of the Measures for Classification of Radioactive Devices. On September 28, 2006, SEPA, Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of Health jointly issued a document requiring the establishment of classified handling and reporting system for radiation accident resulting from radioactive isotopes and radioactive devices.

【Development of Nuclear and Radiation Institutions】In July of 2006, SEPA established Northeast China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision Station and Northwest China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision Station and expanded Shanghai Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision Station, Guangdong Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision Station, Sichuan Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision Station and North China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision Station. The heads of the above six regional law enforcement supervision offices were at Director-General level.

【Supervision and Management of Radioactive Sources】In 2006, SEPA issued radiation safety permits to 107 units with radioactive sources, reviewed more than 800 documents on the import & export of radioactive isotopes with accumulated import of 2,600 radioactive sources. There were a total of 23 radiation accidents across China due to loss, steal or poor management of radioactive sources. Among them, one was very big accident, 5 big accidents and 17 ordinary accidents. These accidents lead to radiation damage to one person but had not environmental pollution.