III. Key Areas and Main Tasks
Centering on achieving the target of controlling the total emissions of major pollutants, which is identified in the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, we will take the prevention and control of pollution as the top priority and ensuring safe drinking water for urban and rural people as the key task. With overall promotion and breakthrough in focal areas, we will practically address the pre-eminent environmental problems threatening public health and affecting sustainable economic and social development.
(I) Reduce COD emission and improve the quality of water environment
With 10% reduction of COD emission as the starting point, we will in the first place protect drinking water source areas, speed up the control of pollution in key river basins and facilitate the prevention and control of water pollution and conservation of water resources in an all round way.
1. Ensure the achievement of COD reduction target
We will accelerate the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities and development of recycling & reuse projects. It is expected that by 2010, all cities in China must have sewage treatment facilities with at least 70% of urban sewage being treated. Total capacity in urban sewage treatment across China will reach 100 million t per day. The construction of urban sewage treatment plants must adhere to the principle of concentration with proper distribution. Based on local conditions, we must optimize the layout and vigorously promote technical progress and extend appropriate advanced technologies. The construction of sewage treatment facilities must take account both the treatment plant and supporting network with priority given to the development of relevant pipelines. Overall arrangements must be made for water supply, consumption, conservation and recycling & reuse of waste water. We will focus on the disposal of the sludge from sewage treatment facilities so that it is stabilized and impose no hazard to the environment. We will strengthen the monitoring and supervision of sewage treatment plants. All such plants will install on-line monitoring devices so that real time monitoring on the operation and discharge of sewage treatment facilities will be realized. We will continuously raise the capacity in collecting urban sewage and efficiency of sewage treatment facilities. We will ensure the actual treatment load of sewage treatment facilities after operation, that is, no less than 60% of the designed capacity within one year and no less than 75% of the designed capacity within 3 years.
We will enhance the treatment of industrial effluent. We will strictly carry out the discharge standard for water pollutants and the total amount control system, accelerate the application of pollutant discharge license system. We will focus on the up-to-the-standard discharge and total discharge reduction of industrial COD of industrial effluent of major enterprises under national pollution control program, who account for 65% of the total industrial waste water of China. We will accelerate the phasing out of heavy polluting enterprises not in line with national industrial policy such as the small paper-making, small chemical, small tannery, small printing & dyeing and small brewery. We will further strengthen water saving in industries, develop limit for effluent discharge standard for high water consumption industries and raise reuse rate of industrial water. Focusing on such industries as paper making, brewery, chemicals, textile and printing & dyeing, we will make more effort in the control of pollution and technical reform. In key industries such as iron & steel, power, chemicals and coal, we will replicate the practice of recycling and reuse of waste water to achieve minimum or zero discharge of waste water. In addition, the quality and amount of industrial effluent flowing into urban and township drainage systems will be strictly monitored in accordance with relevant standard. Efforts will be made to ensure safe operation of sewage treatment plants.
2. Ensure safety of drinking water sources
All direct waste water outlets in Grade I protected areas for drinking water source will be banned. We will finish the zoning and adjustment of surface-water drinking water source areas, identify the grade of protected areas and their boundary, set up warning signs and close all direct pollutant discharge outlets within Grade II protected areas. We will carry out general investigations on environmental situation of all drinking water source areas, develop the plan for ensuring drinking water safety and management measures as well as environmental protection plan for drinking water source areas. We will strengthen the soil & water conservation, control non-point pollution in the protected areas for drinking water sources. We will strictly restrict the development of heavy polluting enterprises such as the chemicals, paper making, printing & dyeing upstream the protected areas for drinking water sources. We will carry out investigations on the pollution of groundwater resources, formulate the plan for the protection of groundwater drinking water source areas and prevent and control groundwater pollution. We will focus on the study, prevention and control of POPs in waters.
We will improve early warning system for the safety of drinking water sources and develop emergency response program for sudden pollution accidents. We will improve the monitoring and management system for drinking water source areas and carry out comprehensive analysis of the quality of the water of concentrated drinking water source areas at least once a year with the disclosure of water environment information on time.
3. Facilitate the prevention and control of water pollution of key river basins
We will make unremitting efforts in promoting the prevention and control of water pollution of such waters as the "three rivers three lakes", Songhua River, Three Gorges areas and its upstream region, the source area of South-North Water Diversion Project and along the line, Xiaolangdi Reservoir and its upper reaches of the Yellow River. We will also strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution of the mid and downstream of the Yangtze River, Pearl River and important trans-boundary rivers. We will carry out target responsibility system for watershed pollution control and water quality examination system for trans-province boundary waters, and speed up the establishment of eco compensation mechanism. We will increase the input through multiple channels and accelerate the construction of control projects. We will make an overall arrangement for the development, use and conservation of watershed water resources and make integrated plan for domestic, production and ecological consumption of water and ensure necessary ecological flow of rivers. According to the principle of combined efforts of military and local authority, we will continue our efforts in the prevention and control of waste water and garbage of military units in key river basins and regions and improve environmental quality of army camps. We will strengthen international cooperation and do well environmental monitoring and control of the water quality of trans-boundary rivers like the Heilong River, Yalu River and Yili River.
Focusing on chemical enterprises along rivers, China will investigate all industrial pollution sources that discharge toxic or hazardous substances in an all round way, set up regular reporting system for monitored water quality, urge relevant enterprises to improve pollution control facilities and accident prevention measures in order to avoid hidden pollution accidents if any.
(II) Reduce SO2 emissions to prevent and control air pollution
Focusing on the construction of desulphurization facilities of thermal power plants, China will achieve the target of 10% reduction of SO2 emissions to curb the development of acid rain. With comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution of 113 key cities for environmental protection or urban cluster as the focus, China will strive for the improvement of urban and regional air quality.
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Box 3¡¡Name of key cities for environmental protection (113) |
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Municipality: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing
Provincial capitals: Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Hohhot, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Hefei, Fuzhou, Nanchang, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, Nanning, Haikou, Chengdu, Guiyang, Kunming, Lhasa, Xi¡¯an, Lanzhou, Xining, Yinchuan and Urumqi.
Cities under separate plan of the State Council: Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo, Xiamen and Shenzhen
Other cities: Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Baoding, Handan, Changzhi, Linfen, Yangquan, Datong, Baotou, Chifeng, Anshan, Wushun, Benxi, Jinzhou, Jilin, Mudanjiang, Qiqihar, Daqing, Suzhou, Nantong, Lianyungang, Wuxi, Changzhou, Yangzhou, Xuzhou, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Taizhou, Huzhou, Ma¡¯anshan, Wuhu, Quanzhou, Jiujiang, Yantai, Zibo, Tai¡¯an, Weihai, Zaozhuang, Jining, Weifang, Rizhao, Luoyang, Anyang, Jiaozuo, Kaifeng, Pingdingshan, Jingzhou, Yichang, Yueyang, Xiangtan, Zhangjiajie, Zhuzhou, Changde, Zhenjiang, Zhuhai, Shantou, Foshan, Zhongshan, Shaoguan, Guilin, Beihai, Sanya, Liuzhou, Mianyang, Panzhihua, Luzhou, Yibin, Zunyi, Qujing, Xianyang, Yan¡¯an, Baoji, Tongchuan, Jinchang, Shizuishan and Karamay. |
1. Ensure achieving SO2 emission reduction target
Carry out desulphurization project in coal fueled power plants. China will carry out the plan for the prevention and control of acid rain and SO2 pollution, focusing on the control of SO2 and NOx emissions from elevated sources. Any coal fueled power plants failing to meet national SO2 emission standards or total emission limit must install fume desulphurization devices. China will accelerate the construction of desulphurization facilities for existing thermal generation sets during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period with the capacity of existing in-service thermal generation sets with desulphurization facilities reaching 213 million kW. All new (expanded) coal-fueled power plants except the extreme-low-sulfur-coal pithead power plants meeting national requirements must construct desulphurization facilities when constructing the principal part of the plant and set aside site for nitrogen removal. In big and medium sized cities and their suburb, the construction of new (expansion) coal fueled power plants other than co-generation plants will be under strict control.
2. Comprehensively improve urban air quality
The prevention and control of particulate pollution, in particular the inhalable particulates will be the focus for urban air pollution control. China will speed up the adjustment and relocation of urban industrial pollution sources, make concentrated control of low emission sources and emphasize the addressing of fume pollution. More efforts will be made to strengthen environmental management of construction sites and road transportation to effectively reduce flying dust. China will raise the percentage of clean energy in urban energy mix and energy efficiency and vigorously carry out energy saving activities. Based on local conditions, China will develop co-generation and concentrated heat supply whose capacity is determined by thermal energy. In cities, areas banning the combustion of high polluting fuels will be identified.
China will make an overall plan for the prevention and control of regional air pollution of urban clusters of such areas as the Yangtze River delta, Pearl River delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Province. Cities with appropriate conditions shall carry out the studies on combined pollution caused by NOx and POPs as well as haze weather. They shall gradually carry out the monitoring on pollutants including ozone and PM2.5 (inhalable particulate with diameter less than 2.5 ¦Ìm) and set up an early warning system for smog pollution.
3. Enhance the prevention and control of industrial waste gases
Focusing on major pollution sources accounting for over 65% industrial SO2 emissions, which are under national monitoring program, China will strictly carry out air pollutant emission standard and the total emission control system and accelerate the emission license system. Efforts will be made to promote all industrial air pollution sources meeting emission standard with increased output but pollution. Industrial furnaces and kilns should employ clean combustion technology. Focusing on the control of fine particulates, China will strictly control the emissions of soot (dust) and SO2. With a new round of dust removal efforts, high-efficiency cloth dust removal facilities will be widely applied. China will continue its effective efforts in the control of air pollution sources in such industries as coal, iron & steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals and building materials and carry out automatic monitoring on key industrial air pollution sources. China will vigorously promote the development of coal washing projects and extend clean coal combustion technology. It will continue the studies on the control of NOx, speed up the development and demonstration of NOx control technologies, mainstream NOx into pollution source monitoring and statistics in order to create conditions for the implementation of total emission control.
4. Strengthen the prevention and control of vehicle emission pollution
Big and mega-cities should take the prevention and control of vehicle emission pollution as an important component for improving urban environmental quality. China will further raise the control level for vehicle emissions and standardize environmental annual inspection on in-service vehicles. Efforts will be made to improve fuel quality and efficiency. China will make more efforts to develop and employ energy saving vehicles using clean fuel in order to lower pollutant emissions from vehicles.
5. Intensify noise pollution control
China will enhance the supervision and administration of the noise from construction sites, industrial production and everyday life and address noise pollution in time. Measures like restraining hooting in downtown area and noise reduction approach will be applied to control traffic noise. Quiet residential communities will be created in big and medium sized cities.
6. Control the emissions of greenhouse gases
China will beef up the policy guidance for conservation and efficient use of energy; make more efforts in energy saving administration according to law; accelerate the development, demonstration and extension of energy saving technologies; make full use of market-based energy saving mechanism in order to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). China will vigorously develop renewable energy, actively promote the development of nuclear power plants, accelerate the development & utilization of coal field gas to optimize energy mix. China will strengthen industrial policies in such industries as metallurgy, building materials and chemicals to raise efficiency and control GHG emissions in industrial production process. China will make more efforts in the development of biogas projects in rural areas and recycling & reuse of the biogas from urban landfill facilities in order to control the growth of methane emissions. China will continue its efforts in the development of key ecological projects such as reafforestation and the conservation of natural forest resources in order to raise forest coverage, carbon sink and enhance the adaptation capacity. China will enhance the monitoring and statistic analysis on the emissions of GHGs.
(III) Control solid waste pollution and promote recycling and reuse of solid waste
Following the 3 R (reduce, recycle and reuse), China will take the prevention and control of solid waste pollution as a priority area for safeguarding public health, ensuring environmental safety, developing circular economy and building a resource saving and environment-friendly society.
1. Carry out projects to dispose hazardous waste and medical waste
China will accelerate the implementation of the plan for the construction of disposal facilities for hazardous waste and medical waste; improve the charging standard and method for concentrated disposal of hazardous waste; establish the whole-process environmental supervision and administration system for the collection, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste and medical waste in order to basically achieve safe disposal of hazardous waste and medical waste. In addition, China will complete environment-friendly disposal of chromium slag stockpiles left in the past.
2. Carry out innocuous disposal of domestic garbage
China will carry out the plan for the construction of innocuous disposal of urban domestic garbage with the addition of new innocuous disposal capacity of 2410000 t/d, thus at least 60% urban domestic garbage under innocuous disposal. China will promote classified garbage system and strengthen environmental supervision on garbage disposal. China attaches importance to the treatment of landfill leachate. It will gradually control the pollution and restore ecological system of existing simple landfill facilities in order to eliminate hidden pollution problems.
3. Promote comprehensive utilization of solid waste
China will focus on the promotion of comprehensive utilization of large-volume industrial solid waste such as gangue, fly-ash, metallurgical slag & chemical residual and tailings. It is expected that by 2010, at least 60% of all industrial solid waste will be used. China will promote the comprehensive utilization of such waste as building reject, straw and livestock & fowl waste. It will set up the producer extended responsibility system, improve the recycling and reuse system and achieve scaled and innocuous reuse of waste electric & electronic products. It will carry out strict supervision and administration on the enterprises that import and process imported waste to prevent secondary pollution. In addition, it will strictly crack down illegal import and export of solid waste.
(IV) Protect ecological environment, improve security level for eco safety
Aiming at promoting the harmony between man and nature and based on the zoning of ecological function areas, China will focus on the control of inappropriate resource development activities, adhere to the principle of conservation as top priority dominated by natural rehabilitation and strive for basic curbing of the degradation trend of ecological environment.
1. Develop national zoning for ecological function areas
Based on the investigation on current status of national ecological environment, the authority will develop national zoning for ecological function areas in accordance with eco environment sensitivity and the importance of ecological functions. It will identify the dominant ecological functions of different regions in a scientific way, determine key ecological function protected areas important & significant to national ecological safety, guide ecological conservation work, provide scientific basis for the implementation of classified environmental protection management and integrate it with the plan for national key function areas zoning.
2. Initiate activities for the conservation of key ecological function areas
Identify the scope, dominant functions and development orientation of key ecological function protected areas, China will explore the establishment of assessment indicator system, administrative mechanism, performance evaluation mechanism and ecological compensation mechanism of ecological function protected areas in line with the requirements for restriction of development zones. Efforts will be made to raise the capacity in the management and conservation of key ecological function protected areas.
3. Improve the development quality for nature reserves
China will further improve its nature reserves system and develop a complete nature reserves network that accommodate over 95% typical natural eco system types, wildlife species under national conservation program and important natural relics. It will realize the shift from focusing on the amount of nature reserves into focusing on their quality, and improve the administration, protection and development capacity for nature reserves. It will develop the standard for standardized development of nature reserves and keep on promoting the development of nature reserves according to relevant plans. It is expected that over 90% nature reserves will have complete administrative institutions. In general, China will primarily set up a national monitoring network and comprehensive information platform for nature reserves.
4. Strengthen the conservation and safety management of species resources
China will carry out investigations on species resources and set up database, germplasm pool and genetic pools for species resources. It will construct on-site, off-site and destination site protection facilities for such resources. It will establish inspection system for import & export of species resources and enhance the monitoring, security and emergency response mechanisms for ecological impacts of alien invasive species and genetic modification organisms. China will carry out the publicity and education for the conservation of species resources and raise public awareness in species resources.
5. Intensify environmental supervision on development and construction activities
Adhering to the principle of "protection first with well-planned development", China will make good plan for key projects such as the water resource development of watersheds like the upper reach of the Yangtze River, development of energy & mineral resources of the loess plateau and development of black soil in northeast China as well as environmental impact assessment of these projects in order to effectively control soil and water erosion during the development. China will put more efforts in law enforcement in ecological conservation and crack down any infringements that damage or destruct ecological environment.
China will accelerate the establishment of the deposit system for mine site rehabilitation to facilitate environmental control of mine sites and promote ecological restoration of new & old mines as well as mineral resource depletion cities. It will strengthen environmental protection in tourist development activities, enhance inspection on environmental pollution and ecological destruction of tourist areas, in particular environmental supervision on tourist development projects in ecological sensitive areas. It will carry out trial or demonstration projects on eco tourism.
(V) Control Rural Environment, Promote the Development of Socialist New Countryside
According to the requirement "Production growth, well-to-do life, enjoyable social atmosphere, clean village with democratic management" for the development of socialist new countryside, China will carry out the environmental protection action plan for Xiaokang countryside, China will take such measures as comprehensive control of rural environment, strengthening of the prevention and control of soil pollution, control agricultural non-point pollution, development of ecological agriculture and optimization of agricultural growth mode.
1. Focus on the prevention and control of soil pollution
China will carry out national census on soil pollution, set up soil environment quality assessment and monitoring system and have demonstration project on remedy of polluted soil. Relocating enterprises must remedy the contaminated soil at the original site and carry out comprehensive treatment for arable land where POPs and heavy metal pollutants exceeding national standard. Those arable land with heavy pollution hard to remedy should adjust its use according to law. The irrigation by polluted (sewage) water on main grain and vegetable bases must be avoided. More efforts are needed for environmental management of the arable land used for growing vegetables consumed by urban residents.
2. Conduct comprehensive environmental control in rural areas
Promote the development of the plan for comprehensive environmental control in rural areas. China will carry out such activities as improve water and sanitation (lavatory) in rural areas to improve environmental sanitation conditions of countryside. All domestic garbage will be stored at fixed site with unified collection, regular cleaning and concentrated disposal. China will adopt separate or relatively concentrated treatment with the help of biotechnology or wetland treatment approach to promote sewage treatment in villages & towns according to local conditions. Combined with the reform of old villages and construction of new ones, China will improve the outlook and environment of villages. It will finish comprehensive environmental control of 10,000 administrative villages and develop 2000 environment-beautifully villages and towns. China will put more efforts in the supervision and control of enterprise's pollution in rural areas and ban the movement of industrial solid waste, hazardous waste, urban garbage and other pollutants into countryside.
3. Prevention and control of rural non-point pollution
Carry out comprehensive environmental control of small watersheds and control soil and water erosion. China will carry out trial and demonstration work on comprehensive control of rural non-point pollution sources; replicate scientific application of pesticides and fertilizers to improve their efficiency. China will facilitate the construction of the production bases for green food and organic food and vigorously promote water saving agriculture and ecological agriculture. It will promote the conservation and comprehensive use of agricultural resources and strive for the development of agricultural circular economy. With the construction of biogas as the entry point, China will make appropriate use of straw resources, strengthen comprehensive use and treatment of the sewage and animal waste from concentrated livestock and fowl farms to enable more rural household use biogas.
(VI) Strengthen marine environmental protection, focus on the prevention and control of pollution as well as ecological damage of coastal sea waters
Focusing on reducing the emissions of land-based pollution sources and the control of marine pollution of major sea areas as the entry point, China will strengthen marine ecological conservation, improve emergency response capacity to marine environmental disasters and improve the service functions of marine eco systems.
1. Strive for reducing pollution amount from land-based activities
China will strengthen the control and management of industrial pollution sources with direct discharge into seas and make sure their discharge meeting emission standard. China will speed up the construction of sewage treatment plants and landfill facilities in coastal cities. More efforts will be made to treat sludge and garbage leachate to prevent secondary pollution. In addition, it will continue its ban on phosphorus agricultural chemicals in coastal regions.
2. Accelerate pollution control of key sea areas
China will carry out the Blue Sea Initiative in the Bohai Sea to strive for remarkable improvement of the water quality. It will speed up the development and implementation of the plan for pollution control of the Yangtze River estuary and neighboring sea waters and the Pearl River estuary and neighboring sea waters. The pollution control of major sea areas will drive the work of marine environmental protection¡£
3. Prevention and control of port and ship pollution
China will develop and implement technical policies and treatment plan for the control of ship pollution. It will present technical requirements and deadline for installation of sewage treatment facilities and garbage recycling device for various ships. It is expected that by 2010, all big and medium sized ports will construct recycling and transfer facilities for ship oil, chemicals, garbage, and sewage. The construction of sewage and garbage treatment facilities of ports and ships should be mainstreamed into the development plan for urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities. China will also strengthen the supervision and management on waste dumping into seas.
4. Protect marine ecological environment
Focusing on coastal sea areas, China will strengthen environmental remedy and protection of marine ecological environment. It will strictly protect and rationally employ coastal line and tidal land resources, prohibit inappropriate development activities and prevent the pollution by tidal land and marine aquaculture. It will facilitate the development of coastal shelter forests; restore and conserve typical marine ecological systems such as coastal wet lands, mangroves and coral reefs, and develop a number of marine nature reserves. It will carry out general investigations on biodiversity of key sea areas, identify the invasion of alien species and carry out strict management on the introduced alien marine biological species.
5. Prevent and control marine environmental disasters
China will set up inter-department marine oil spill monitoring and emergency response system and raise the capacity in emergency response to and handling of marine oil spill accidents. All relevant departments in relation to marine resources and all coastal cities and ports should develop oil spill emergency program. It will improve red tide monitoring system, raise early warning capacity, standardize red tide information management, set up red tide disaster emergency response mechanism and try its best to minimize the loss caused by red tide.
(VII) Strictly supervise and management, ensure nuclear and radiation environmental safety
Focusing on the supervision and management of the safety of nuclear facilities and radioactive sources, China will enhance the treatment and disposal capacity for radioactive wastes, comprehensively enhance safety management of nuclear and radiation safety and ensure a safe nuclear and radiation environment.
1. Improve the quality for the construction of nuclear facilities and operation safety level
China will develop safety evaluation technology for new generation of nuclear power plants and improve safety monitoring methods, and raise the effectiveness of the supervision and management on the reform and operation of nuclear power plants. China will improve the legislation on the management of civil nuclear safety equipment, further strengthen the administration on such activities as the design, manufacture and installation of civil nuclear safety equipment and improve the quality of the equipment manufactured in China based on foreign technology.
2. Improve the management of radioactive isotopes and radiation devices
China will further strengthen the safety permit and supervision on the production, use, marketing, import and export of radioactive isotopes and radiation devices, and finish the renewal of radiation safety license. China will set up a national radioactive source information management system that tracks the whole-life cycle of radioactive sources. In doing so, it will achieve safe collection and storage of waste radioactive sources.
3. Accelerate the control of radioactive pollution
China will develop safe decommissioning policy for nuclear facilities. China will accelerate the construction of near-ground disposal sites for medium and low level radioactive waste. It will finish the construction of national and provincial radioactive waste storage sites, and facilitate the treatment of radioactive waste left by past production activities of nuclear industry. In addition, it will carry out investigations and assessment on radioactive pollution status of uranium mining and mineral processing enterprises and associated mines as well as the supervision on the prevention and control of such pollution.
With the implementation of the demonstration projects, China will master the treatment technology for high-radioactivity waste and actively facilitate the construction of solidification treatment facilities for high-radioactivity liquid waste. China will actively carry out geological survey and exploration for the disposal of high-radioactivity waste. With the study on long-term safety of disposal facilities for high-radioactivity waste, China will identify development strategy and overall safety objectives for geological disposal of high-radioactivity liquid waste.
4. Improve the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution
China will set up and improve laws, regulations and standards for the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution and strengthen environmental impact assessment for electromagnetic radiation. Measures will be taken to optimize spatial distribution of electromagnetic field with appropriate layout of such sources in order to prevent electromagnetic radiation pollution in areas with dense population.
(VIII) Enhance management capacity building and raise law enforcement supervision
Aiming at monitoring & assessment, timely early warning, quick response and scientific management with the orientation of automation and informationization, China will carry out the plan for building the capacity in environmental supervision in accordance with the requirements that tools matching with the objective and task matching with the capacity, focusing on the development of advanced environmental monitoring early warning system and well established supervision system for environmental law enforcement. Active efforts will be made to strive for financial input at all levels and improve the capacity in environmental management.
1. Establish advanced environmental monitoring and early warning system
According to the requirement for a professional team and modern equipment, China will facilitate standardized development of environmental monitoring stations at all levels. It is expected that by 2010, 80% county-level environmental monitoring stations will meet the standard.
According to the requirements of scientific layout, accurate data and timely transmission, China will set up national environmental quality monitoring network for air, surface water, coastal sea areas, radiation and ecological environment in order to comprehensively and timely reflect environmental quality status and change trend in a scientific way.
Based on the requirements of dynamic monitoring, timely early warning and accurate measurement, China will establish the supervisory monitoring and automatic monitoring systems for key pollution sources to carry out real-time monitoring on pollution emissions. Priority will be given for the development of on-line monitoring system of coal fueled power plants.
2. Establish complete environmental law enforcement supervision system
China will improve the equipment for environmental law enforcement, focusing on supporting law enforcement capacity building in central and western part of China. It is expected that by 2010, the environmental law enforcement teams at province, city and county levels will basically meet the requirements for standardized capacity building. China will enhance the building of the capacity in supervision of nuclear safety and radiation environment at national, province and city levels, and raise the safety supervision level.
3. Develop environmental emergency response system
China will set up national emergency response monitoring network and command center for sudden environmental accidents. Each province and city should establish corresponding environmental emergency response command system. Environmental emergency response monitoring vehicles, instruments and equipment for sudden water and air environmental accidents should be equipped with at relevant institutions at national, province, city or watershed levels, key coastal harbors and inland ports should be equipped with emergency monitoring ship.
4. Improve comprehensive environmental assessment capacity
China will carry out general investigations on such aspects as pollutions sources, drinking water source areas, status of groundwater pollution, status of soil pollution, POPs, electro-magnetic radiation pollution of key facilities and development of mineral resources with associated radioactivity across the country.
China will beef up the capacity in environmental statistics, reform environmental statistic method, carry out quarterly statistic reporting system in order to provide prompt, accurate and comprehensive environmental information in an all round way. In addition, China will carry out regular assessment on environmental quality and eco changes as well as environmental economic accounting.
5. Develop "Jinhuan Project"
China will develop national and local environmental protection information system. It will construct a basic network platform for environmental protection information, develop a national environmental information database and a supporting system for environmental management decision making, a high-efficiency and prompt information transmission system for commanding emergency response to environmental pollution accidents. It will develop digital environmental protection, improve information release system and facilitate sharing of environmental information.
6. Strengthen supporting capacity in the innovation of environmental science & technology
China will construct a number of national key environmental laboratories, national environmental engineering centers and environmental base laboratories. It will basically develop a national research & development and production base for environmental reference samples.
7. Enhance the development of environmental team and talents
China will make more efforts in training the managers and technical staff in the field of environmental protection to cultivate high-quality environmental protection professionals. It will implement qualification authentication system and gradually enlarge the qualification scope of technical staff in the field of environmental protection. It will enhance the work on moral and political education as well as honest administration for the management on environmental protection.
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Box 4¡¡Key Elements for the Capacity Building in Environmental Supervision |
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Ambient air quality monitoring: Efforts will be made to ensure that automatic air quality monitoring station is installed in each prefecture-level city across China. China will construct baseline station of rural air quality and quality control sites for air monitoring. National acid deposition monitoring network & sand and dust storm monitoring network will also be established.
Water environmental quality monitoring: enhance the development of national surface water monitoring stations with focus on the enhancement of real time monitoring on the pollution of trans-province or trans-boundary waters or estuaries as well as early warning for pollution accidents. China will strengthen the capacity in environmental monitoring of coastal sea areas.
Routine monitoring of environmental monitoring network: strengthen the capacity of routine monitoring stations for surface water, drinking water source areas, solid waste, soil, ecology, noise and coastal sea waters.
Radiation environmental monitoring: construct national automatic radiation monitoring stations and real-time monitoring system for the discharged effluent from nuclear facilities. China will construct technical support system for the supervision of nuclear safety.
Environmental emergency response monitoring: emergency response monitoring vehicle for suddenly occured water or air pollution accidents and emergency response monitoring instrument and equipment for nuclear pollution and radiation accidents should be equipped with at provincial level.
Basic environmental monitoring at county level: routine lab instruments should be equipped with at county environmental monitoring stations, thus the up-to-the-standard rate of such monitoring stations will reach 90% in East China, 80% in central China and 60% in West China.
Standardization of the supervision on environmental law enforcement: all meeting Grade I standard at province level; no less than 90% meeting Grade II standard at city (prefecture) level and no less than 70% meeting Grade III standard at district or county level.
Automatic monitoring of key pollution sources: all key pollution sources under national monitoring program should install automatic monitoring equipment. China will establish three-level monitoring centers at national, province and city level to carry out on-line monitoring and management. China will improve its capacity of key urban monitoring stations in the supervision and monitoring of pollution sources.
Basic conditions for environmental management: China will put in place necessary infrastructure and working conditions of environmental protection institutions; construct a number of key environmental labs and environmental engineering centers as well as research & development and production bases for reference samples. In addition, it will establish a national environmental protection information system. |
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